The ancient civilization of the Ancient Greeks made significant advancements in mathematics and astronomy. Greek mathematicians like Euclid and Pythagoras laid foundational principles in geometry and number theory. In astronomy, figures like Aristarchus proposed heliocentric models, challenging geocentric views long before Copernicus. Their work in mathematics and astronomy not only influenced subsequent generations but also laid the groundwork for scientific inquiry in the Western tradition. The Greeks’ emphasis on rational thought and empirical observation revolutionized these fields, establishing methodologies and principles still in use today.