The ancient city known for its impressive ziggurats and advancements in astronomy was Babylon. Located in Mesopotamia, Babylon was a prominent city-state that flourished around the second millennium BCE. Its most famous ziggurat, the Esagila, served as an impressive temple dedicated to the god Marduk and symbolized the city's religious and political importance. Babylonians made significant contributions to astronomy, developing early mathematical concepts and creating one of the first known astronomical calendars. Their understanding of celestial movements laid foundational principles for future astronomers. Babylon's innovations enriched scientific knowledge and influenced surrounding cultures, contributing to the development of early civilizations.