The ancient city of Athens is known as the birthplace of democracy, establishing a system of government where citizens participated in decision-making and had the right to vote. In the 5th century BCE, Athens developed a direct democracy that allowed free men to attend assemblies and vote on laws and policies, setting a precedent for democratic governance. Athenian democracy emphasized civic participation, political equality, and public debate, influencing democratic practices in ancient and modern societies. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle thrived in this environment, shaping political thought and contributing to the development of Western political philosophy.