The Rosetta Stone was the essential artifact in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics. Discovered in 1799 during Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt, the stone features a decree inscribed in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphics. Scholars, most notably Jean-François Champollion, used the Greek text as a key to unlock the meaning of the hieroglyphs. This breakthrough not only allowed for the understanding of ancient Egyptian language and culture but also marked a significant advancement in the field of Egyptology, leading to an increased interest in ancient civilizations.