The demographic group most at risk for osteoporosis includes postmenopausal women, primarily due to a significant decrease in estrogen levels, which is crucial for maintaining bone density. Other risk factors include age, family history, low body mass index (BMI), and insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D. Men can also be affected, but the incidence is lower. Preventive measures such as weight-bearing exercise and adequate nutrition are essential for reducing risk. Regular screening and awareness are crucial, especially as individuals age.