The training method that involves short bursts of intense effort followed by recovery periods is known as High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). This method is effective for improving cardiovascular fitness, increasing metabolism, and enhancing athletic performance in a shorter duration compared to traditional exercise. HIIT consists of intervals of high-intensity exercises followed by brief rest or lower-intensity activities. This training style not only burns more calories during workouts but also leads to an elevated metabolic rate post-exercise, providing additional benefits for weight management.