The type of training that involves short bursts of intense exercise followed by rest is known as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This training method alternates between periods of maximum effort and lower-intensity recovery, which boosts cardiovascular fitness and burns calories effectively. HIIT can improve metabolic rate, enhance endurance, and increase fat oxidation. Its time-efficient nature and effectiveness in promoting fitness make it a popular choice among individuals looking to maximize their workouts within shorter durations.