The type of exercise characterized by short bursts of high intensity followed by rest periods is known as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This workout format alternates between intense bouts of effort and recovery, allowing individuals to push their limits while providing the body brief moments to recuperate. HIIT has gained popularity due to its efficiency, often yielding significant cardiovascular and fat-loss benefits in less time than traditional workouts. It can improve endurance and metabolic rate while being versatile enough to fit various fitness levels, making it suitable for many individuals.