Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the inability to produce insulin due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreas, while Type 2 diabetes is related to insulin resistance, where the body fails to respond effectively to insulin or does not produce enough. In Type 1, insulin therapy is necessary for survival, whereas Type 2 can often be managed with lifestyle changes initially. Understanding these differences is vital for effective management and treatment approaches. Proper control of blood glucose levels in both types is essential to prevent complications related to diabetes.