Aerobic workouts primarily involve steady-state activities that increase endurance by utilizing oxygen, such as running or swimming. In contrast, anaerobic exercise focuses on shorter, high-intensity bursts that build strength and muscle, like weightlifting or sprinting. While both contribute to overall fitness, they engage the body differently; aerobic caters to cardiovascular health, while anaerobic boosts power and muscle mass. Balancing both types in a workout program can enhance overall physical capability and health.