Cardiovascular fitness assessments typically consider factors such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), heart rate recovery, and endurance during exercise. These assessments help in evaluating an individual's cardiovascular health and overall fitness levels. Testing methods may include submaximal and maximal exercise tests, such as treadmill or cycle ergometry. Additionally, resting heart rate measurement and blood pressure readings are important indicators of heart health. Understanding these factors can help tailor fitness programs to improve cardiovascular function and general health, while also monitoring progress over time.