VO2 max measures the maximum volume of oxygen an athlete can utilize during intense exercise. This indicator reflects cardiovascular fitness and overall aerobic capacity, as higher VO2 max values are associated with improved endurance and better performance in endurance sports. Athletes often use VO2 max tests to gauge their fitness levels and tailor training programs accordingly. In competitive sports, enhancing VO2 max can provide a significant advantage by allowing athletes to sustain higher intensities for extended periods.