Cardiovascular exercise has numerous physiological effects on the body, including improved heart health, increased lung capacity, and enhanced circulation. Regular aerobic activity strengthens the heart muscle, enabling it to pump blood more efficiently, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Additionally, cardiovascular exercise boosts the body's ability to use oxygen, improving endurance and stamina. It also contributes to better metabolism, facilitates weight management, and supports mental health through the release of endorphins, fostering a sense of well-being.