Prolonged sitting negatively impacts health by contributing to issues like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disorders. It can lead to decreased metabolism, weakened muscles, and impaired circulation. Staying sedentary for extended periods may also elevate the risk of diabetes and promote mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. To counteract these effects, incorporating stand-up desks, frequent breaks, and light physical activity can enhance overall health and productivity throughout the day.