Adaptations in the cardiovascular system during exercise include increased heart rate, stroke volume, and improved blood circulation. As physical activity intensifies, the heart pumps more blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to working muscles. Over time, consistent exercise enhances heart efficiency, resulting in lower resting heart rate and improved cardiovascular fitness. Exercise also promotes vascular adaptations, such as increased capillary density and improved endothelial function, which assists in regulating blood flow and pressure. These adaptations significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and enhance overall health.