Saturated fat can negatively affect heart health by raising levels of LDL cholesterol, which is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Scientific studies suggest that a diet high in saturated fats may lead to plaque buildup in arteries, narrowing blood vessels and ultimately contributing to cardiovascular problems such as atherosclerosis. While recent studies have questioned the extent of this risk, health organizations generally recommend limiting saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total daily calories, advocating for healthier fat sources to promote overall heart health.