Body composition, which refers to the proportion of fat to lean mass, profoundly affects overall health. A higher percentage of body fat is associated with increased risks of chronic diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Conversely, maintaining a healthy body composition is linked to better metabolic function, improved physical performance, and enhanced quality of life. Understanding body composition can guide individuals in setting fitness goals and developing tailored nutrition and exercise plans to improve health outcomes and longevity.