Micro and macronutrients differ primarily in their function and required amounts for the body. Macronutrients, which include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, are needed in larger quantities and provide energy necessary for body functions. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are required in smaller amounts but are vital for various physiological processes, including immune function and bone health. Both types are essential for maintaining overall health, and a balanced diet ensures adequate intake of both macronutrients and micronutrients.