Sleep deprivation can significantly impact athletic performance by affecting physical and cognitive functions. Lack of sleep hinders muscle recovery, reduces endurance, and diminishes focus, leading to slower reaction times and poor decision-making. Insufficient rest can also increase the risk of injury and contribute to fatigue. Hormones critical for muscle growth and repair, such as testosterone and growth hormone, may be disrupted by inadequate sleep. Prioritizing quality sleep is essential for athletes to optimize their physical capabilities and enhance overall performance.