The climate zone characterized by extremely cold temperatures and little precipitation is the tundra. This biome is found primarily in high-latitude regions, such as parts of Alaska, Canada, and Siberia. In tundra regions, the permafrost layer creates harsh conditions for plant and animal life, leading to a unique ecosystem. Vegetation is sparse and includes lichens, mosses, and small shrubs. The average annual temperature is often below freezing, and precipitation falls mostly as snow, resulting in very little moisture available for growth.