The last Tsar of Russia was Nicholas II, who reigned from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Nicholas II's reign was marked by significant political unrest, military failures, and social upheaval. His leadership faced challenges from growing revolutionary sentiment and dissatisfaction among the populace. After his abdication, Nicholas and his family were placed under house arrest and ultimately executed by Bolsheviks in 1918, marking a tragic end to over three centuries of Romanov rule. His legacy remains controversial, with debates around his leadership and the circumstances of his family's demise continuing to this day.