The scientist known for his work on evolution is Charles Darwin. Born in 1809, Darwin is best known for his groundbreaking theory of natural selection, presented in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859. His observations during the voyage of the HMS Beagle, particularly the diverse species of finches on the Galápagos Islands, led him to propose that species evolve over time through the process of adaptation to their environments. Darwin’s ideas revolutionized biological sciences and laid the foundation for evolutionary theory. His work remains influential in understanding the complexity of life and the interconnectedness of all species on Earth.