The framework for modern quantum mechanics was developed by several key physicists, including Max Planck, Niels Bohr, and Werner Heisenberg. Max Planck introduced the idea of quantization of energy, proposing that energy exists in discrete packets called quanta. Niels Bohr further advanced the theory with his model of the atom, incorporating quantized energy levels for electrons. Werner Heisenberg contributed significantly with his uncertainty principle, which highlights fundamental limits on the precision of measuring pairs of physical properties. Together, these contributions laid the foundations for quantum mechanics, revolutionizing our understanding of the microscopic world.