Sherlock Holmes was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a British author and physician. Holmes first appeared in the novel "A Study in Scarlet," published in 1887. Doyle's character is known for his keen powers of observation and logical reasoning, which he uses to solve various mysteries and crimes. Holmes quickly became a cultural icon and has been featured in numerous adaptations, including films, television series, and stage productions, solidifying his place as one of literature's most enduring detectives.