The scientist famous for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation is Sir Isaac Newton. Born in 1643, Newton made remarkable contributions to physics, mathematics, and astronomy, with his most famous work being the "Principia Mathematica," published in 1687. In this work, he introduced three fundamental laws of motion that describe how objects behave in motion and at rest. He also formulated the law of universal gravitation, which explains the gravitational attraction between objects with mass. Newton's discoveries laid the foundation for classical mechanics and have had a lasting impact on science.