The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, are caused by the interaction between charged particles emitted by the sun and the Earth's magnetic field. These particles collide with gases in the Earth's atmosphere, typically oxygen and nitrogen, resulting in spectacular displays of colored lights, primarily green, pink, and purple. This phenomenon is most prevalent in high-latitude regions, such as Norway, Sweden, Canada, and Alaska, where the magnetic field is strongest. The patterns of the lights can vary from scattered clouds to vibrant arcs, creating a breathtaking natural spectacle that attracts tourists and scientists alike.