The ancient civilization known for the Code of Hammurabi is Mesopotamia, specifically the Babylonian kingdom, which thrived around 1754 BC. The Code, one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes, was inscribed on a stone stele and encompasses 282 laws governing various aspects of daily life, including trade, property, and family law. It is famous for its principle of "an eye for an eye," highlighting the legal concept of retribution. The Code of Hammurabi played a pivotal role in the development of legal systems and reflects the complexities of social and economic life in ancient Babylon.