The type of scientist who studies weather patterns is known as a meteorologist. Meteorologists analyze atmospheric conditions to understand weather phenomena, which include temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind patterns, and storm systems. They use various tools, such as satellites, radar, and computer models, to predict short-term and long-term weather outcomes. Their work is crucial in providing weather forecasts, which can help in planning, agriculture, disaster management, and public safety. Meteorology is a complex field that combines many disciplines, including physics, environmental science, and data analysis, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of Earth's atmosphere.