The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the human brain is called the corpus callosum. This thick band of nerve fibers plays a crucial role in facilitating communication between the left and right hemispheres, allowing for the exchange of information and coordination of brain function. The corpus callosum enables the integration of sensory and cognitive processes, contributing to various tasks such as movement, perception, and language. Damage to this structure can lead to a range of neurological disorders and impairments in communication between the two hemispheres, affecting overall brain function.