The science that focuses on the study of the Earth and its processes is called geology. Geology encompasses the examination of the Earth’s structure, composition, and the various processes that shape its surface over time. Geologists study rock formations, fossils, and minerals to understand the Earth’s history, including significant events such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and the formation of mountains. Sub-disciplines within geology include paleontology, mineralogy, and sedimentology. This field not only provides insights into Earth’s past but also helps in resource management, environmental conservation, and understanding natural hazards that impact human life.