The part of the human eye responsible for color perception is the retina. The retina contains specialized photoreceptor cells known as cones, which are sensitive to light and color. There are three types of cones in the human retina, each responsive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to red, green, and blue. These cones work together to enable us to perceive a wide spectrum of colors through a process called color vision. When light enters the eye and hits the retina, it triggers the cones, sending signals to the brain that are processed to produce the colors we see.