An earthquake is a natural event caused by tectonic plate movements. These movements occur when the Earth’s lithosphere, which is divided into several plates, shifts due to convective currents in the mantle. As these plates interact—either colliding, sliding past, or pulling apart from each other—stress builds up along faults until it is released, resulting in seismic waves that shake the ground. The magnitude and intensity of the earthquake depend on the amount of energy released during this process. Earthquakes can cause significant destruction, leading to tsunamis, landslides, and other hazards, making monitoring and preparedness essential in seismically active regions.