The mountain range that separates Europe and Asia is the Ural Mountains. Stretching approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from north to south, the Urals are traditionally recognized as a natural boundary between the two continents. Located primarily in Russia, they are composed of granite and other geological formations formed over millions of years. The Ural Mountains host diverse ecosystems and rich natural resources, including minerals and fossil fuels. Historically, they’ve played an essential role in trade and cultural exchanges between Europe and Asia.