The term for a scientist who studies rocks and minerals is "geologist." Geologists examine the Earth's solid materials, including rocks, minerals, and soil, to understand their formation, composition, and the processes that shape the Earth over time. They play a vital role in various fields, such as natural resource management, environmental protection, and disaster preparedness. Geologists often conduct field studies, analyze samples, and utilize various tools and techniques to investigate geological formations. Their work is essential for understanding natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the impact of human activity on geological processes.