The term for a person who studies fossils is a paleontologist. Paleontologists specialize in the study of prehistoric life through the examination of fossils, which are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. They analyze fossilized bones, imprints, and other remnants to gain insights into the evolution, behavior, and environment of extinct species. This field of science combines aspects of geology, biology, and archaeology, and paleontologists often work in various settings, including universities, museums, and research institutions. Their findings contribute to our understanding of Earth's history and the development of life over millions of years, filling gaps in the fossil record.