The term for a person who studies ancient civilizations is an archaeologist. Archaeologists dedicate their careers to examining artifacts, structures, and other physical remains from past societies to understand their cultures, histories, and ways of life. They use various methods, including excavation and analysis of historical texts, to piece together the lives of ancient peoples. This field contributes to our understanding of human evolution, technological advancements, and social organization through time. Archaeology can encompass a wide range of civilizations, from ancient Egypt to the Mayans, and helps illuminate how modern societies have been shaped by their histories.