The synthetic material used to make most plastics is derived from petrochemicals, primarily polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These materials are produced through the polymerization of monomers—small chemical units. Plastics have become ubiquitous due to their versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, from packaging to automotive parts. The rise of plastics has had significant social and economic benefits; however, their environmental impact, particularly in terms of pollution and waste management, has led to growing concerns and initiatives aimed at finding sustainable alternatives.