The second most populous country in the world is India. Following China, which holds the title of the most populous nation, India has seen rapid population growth over the past few decades. As of recent estimates, India's population is over 1.4 billion people. This substantial population contributes to a diverse cultural, linguistic, and religious landscape. India's growth is influenced by various factors, including a high birth rate and improvements in healthcare, leading to increased life expectancy. The population dynamics in India have significant implications for economic development, resource management, and social services.