The scientific term for the study of Earth and its processes is Geology. Geology encompasses various aspects, including the Earth's composition, structure, and the processes that shape its surface over time, such as erosion, sedimentation, and tectonic activity. This discipline also investigates the history of the Earth, including its formation, the evolution of life, and the climatic changes that have occurred. Geologists use various methods, including field studies and laboratory analyses, to understand Earth's past and present, which can inform resource management and help predict future geological events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.