The profession of someone who studies the Earth and its processes is called geology. Geologists examine the physical materials and processes that make up the Earth, including rocks, minerals, and the forces that shape the landscape. They explore the Earth's history, understand its structure, and assess natural resources such as fossil fuels and minerals. In addition to studying the planet's geological features, geologists often focus on environmental issues, including natural hazards like earthquakes and volcanoes. Their work is critical in fields such as natural resource management, environmental protection, and understanding climate change impacts.