The process of slow decay of organic matter is called decomposition. Decomposition involves the breakdown of dead plants and animals by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. This natural process recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem, forming essential topsoil and supporting new plant growth. Decomposers play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by breaking down complex organic materials into simpler substances, allowing for nutrient uptake by living organisms. Overall, decomposition is vital for soil health, nutrient cycling, and the sustainability of ecosystems.