The process of photosynthesis is mainly responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. This fundamental biological process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of green plants and certain microorganisms, using sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil. The light energy is captured by chlorophyll, a pigment present in chloroplasts, and this energy drives a series of reactions that produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose serves as an energy source for the plant's growth and development, while oxygen is released as a byproduct, contributing significantly to the atmospheric oxygen essential for all aerobic life forms.