The primary function of a neuron is to transmit and process information throughout the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that carry signals in the form of electrical impulses and communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands. They consist of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Dendrites receive incoming signals, the cell body processes these signals, and the axon transmits the electrical impulse to other neurons. Neurons play crucial roles in reflexes, sensory perception, motor control, and higher cognitive functions, making them essential for all aspects of nervous system activity.