The primary component of the Earth's core is iron, with nickel also present in significant quantities. The Earth's core consists of two layers: a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The inner core is incredibly dense and primarily composed of iron mixed with nickel, while the outer core, which is in a molten state, contributes to the generation of Earth's magnetic field through the movement of its liquid iron. The extreme temperatures and pressures within the core have led scientists to study its composition and characteristics via seismic waves, helping enhance our understanding of the planet's inner structure and processes.