The scientific study of fungi is called mycology. This branch of biology focuses on the classification, genetics, ecology, and uses of fungi, which include molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Mycology is significant because fungi play essential roles in various ecosystems, such as decomposing organic matter and forming symbiotic relationships with plants. They also have important applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, such as producing antibiotics, fermenting foods, and acting as bioindicators of environmental health. Mycologists study fungi to understand their biology and potential uses while addressing issues like fungal diseases affecting plants and humans.