The name of the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface is magma. Magma forms when rocks in the Earth's mantle or crust melt due to intense heat and pressure, often occurring near tectonic plate boundaries or in areas of volcanic activity. When magma rises to the surface, it erupts through volcanoes as lava. Magma can also solidify beneath the surface, forming igneous rock over time. Understanding the behavior of magma is crucial for studying geology, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of the Earth's crust.