The largest crater on the moon is the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This massive impact structure is approximately 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) in diameter and about 13 kilometers (8 miles) deep, making it one of the largest and oldest known impact craters in the solar system. Located on the far side of the moon, it is believed to have formed over four billion years ago during a period of heavy bombardment. The basin holds significant scientific interest for researchers, as it may provide valuable insights into the moon's geological history and the early solar system.