The geological process by which rocks are formed is called the rock cycle. This cycle involves three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each type of rock is formed through different processes. For instance, igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, while metamorphic rocks arise from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. The rock cycle is a continuous process that showcases the dynamic nature of Earth's crust.