The ancient civilization that built Machu Picchu is the Inca Empire. This remarkable civilization thrived in the Andean region of South America between the 15th and 16th centuries, reaching its peak just before the Spanish conquest. The Incas were known for their advanced agricultural techniques, sophisticated architecture, and impressive stone constructions, including roads and bridges connecting their vast empire. Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was constructed in the mid-1400s and served as a royal estate or religious site. Its location and intricately designed terraces showcase the Incas' deep connection to their environment and their architectural prowess.