A scientist who studies rocks and minerals is called a geologist. Geologists engage in the exploration and analysis of the Earth's structure, composition, and processes. Their work often involves the study of rock formations, soil, and minerals to understand Earth's history and predict geological phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Geologists play a critical role in resource exploration, including fossil fuels, minerals, and groundwater. They may conduct field studies, analyze samples in laboratories, and utilize various technologies in their research. Overall, geology is an essential field for understanding our planet's past and present.